Importance of regularly bird feeding
431During the Revival of the new epoch of powerful state, with the great initiatives of the esteemed President, great attention is paid to the development of the country's agriculture, including the poultry industry, and large-scale work is carried out in this field. Poultry farming is one of the most important sectors of animal husbandry. Today, in order to increase the number of agricultural birds, increase their productivity, and provide the population with ecologically clean and economically cheap poultry meat, new technologies and advanced practices for their cultivation are widely implemented in production.
Poultry is considered a dietary food, just like eggs. Egg-laying chickens, 42-day-old broiler chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks and quails are raised for meat.
Chicken meat is considered dietary meat because it is rich in essential amino acids. Especially, chicken meat is considered more nutritious and is distinguished by its delicacy.
Chicken eggs are also considered a nutrient-rich food. It contains most of the nutrients needed by the body.
Poultry meat contains less oil than meat from other animals. And the oil that does exist is in the unsaturated form. Because the oil acids are present in a certain ratio, they are also nutritious for humans.
The meat of broiler chickens is not inferior to the meat of beef, veal, and turkey chickens in terms of its content of vitamins. Its digestion in the human body is 94-95 percent. The digestibility of chicken meat in the human body is 72%, that of ducks is 68%, and that of turkeys is 67%. The digestibility of beef, pork and mutton is 60%.
One of the main biological characteristics of chickens is their ability to use feed for high live weight gain and egg production. Feed consumption is determined by cost per 10 eggs and 1 kg of egg weight or 1 kg of growth.
One of the main conditions for the production of high-quality meat products from chickens is feeding them with regular and high-protein feed mixtures.
Grain feed is a main food for birds. Whole grains have many in fiber. It is poorly digested in the body of birds, its excess makes it difficult to digest food. Therefore, the fiber content of the ration should not exceed 5 percent.
Mineral supplements are important for birds. It cannot be replaced by any other food. These supplements are necessary for the formation of bones and growth in chickens, as well as for the formation of eggshells in chickens. 60-70 percent of the minerals in the bird's body are calcium and phosphorus. A lack of calcium in the diet for bone formation in birds leads to bone curvature, stunted growth, rickets, and shell-less lambs.
A hen lays an average of 2-2.2 grams of calcium in a day, and if a hen lays 160 eggs in a year, it releases 310-352 grams of calcium.
Phosphorus enters the tissues of the body and provides the exchange of mineral substances. Chlorine creates hydrochloric acid in the bird’s stomach and ensures good food absorption of food. Sulfur is a part of the bird's body protein and feathers.
Since birds have a high need for mineral supplements, such as calcium, phosphorus and sodium, fish meal, lime, bone and fish meal, salt and others are added to their feed as mineral supplements.
Micronutrients (iron, copper, manganese, zinc, iodine, cobalt, etc.) are important for the normal growth of birds, even if they are required in small quantities. Deficiency of one of them in the feed share of birds leads to metabolic disorders in the body, stunted growth and reduced productivity. Manganese sulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, etc. are added to the feed of chickens so that their deficiency is not felt.
Protein foods are dairy products and processed products. Skimmed milk, whey, and curd are rich in essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Dairy products are fed fresh or frozen. Sour or unpasteurized dairy products should not be given, it mainly causes diarrhea in chickens.
In general, to obtain high productivity from birds, it is necessary to properly feed it. The composition of feed mixtures prepared for them should be provided with all necessary nutrients. This will have a positive impact on the efficient development of the industry.
Merdan NOBATOV,
Head of Department of Animal Husbandry
of the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research and Production Center of S.A. Niyazov Turkmen Agriculture University
Guvanch AGAMYRADOV,
Director of the Veterinary Research and Production Center of
S.A. Niyazov Turkmen Agriculture University